Lithium batteries usage for electrical devices & appliances, Pros & Cons (complete document 25 pages total)
Lithium batteries usage for electrical devices & appliances, pro & cons
Researched, Summarized and Analysed by Freelance Researching, Writing & Journalism (non-published) # 1000478274
Author: Ms Izabel LAnglais November 2022
References & Sources list available at end of document
Text partially integral from sources for summarizing accuracy, with sources referred per points
Personal author analysis in italic in the text.
2022
*** Contracted by a University Student client aspiring lawyer
Electric car
-The
benefit of electric cars, is that the
battery is charge at home and can do so from a home solar panel, saving on
electricity; and avoiding depending on garage stations for gas. Ref #9
-extra info Ref #5
Different type of
batteries
-Compare
to current car that run through an engine burning gas for its energy, electric
car use their Energy storage from a battery. Vehicle are All Electric (AEV) or Plug-in
Electric Hybrid (PHEV). Current
batteries are designed for 100 000 miles or 8 years, and some can last up to
12-15 years in moderate climate or 8-12 years in extreme climate. Four main
type of batteries are used for electric driven cars : Lithium-ions, nickel-metal
hybrid, lead-acid and Ultracapacitors. Lithium-ions batteries are most used for
electric cars and for computer, cel. phone and portable electronic; they have
high power to weight ratio and high energy efficiency; also they have a low
self-discharge rate; used both for AEV & PHEV. Nickel-metal hybrid
batteries are mostly used in HEV but also for All Electric cars, they have a
longer life cycle then Lithium-Ions or lead-acid batteries; they are more
resistant, but higher in cost and have a higher self-discharge rate and also
heat at high temperature. Lead-acid batteries are currently used to electrical
vehicle to supplement other battery loads; high-powered, inexpensive, safe,
reliable but short life and poor cold temperature performance. Ultracapacitors
work differently to store the energy and are mostly used for secondary energy storage
in electric cars helping electrochemical batteries level their loads and
provide extra power during acceleration and regenerative braking. The battery
can be recharge at home using a solar panel .
Ref #9
Lithium-ions batteries
-
Lithium iron phosphate batteries, abbreviated LFP (Lithium ferro-phosphate), is
a type of battery using a cathode material of Lithium-iron-phosphate and an
anode material of graphitic carbon
electrode with a metallic baking; the energy density and operating
voltage of these LFP batteries is lower then of regular Lithium-ions batteries
such as : nickel-manganese-cobalt
NMC, nickel cobalt aluminium NCA. LFP to 125 watts hours WH
per kg to possibly 160 Wh/kg, compare to
over 300 Wh/kg for the highest NMC; Tesla 2020 car is 260wh/kg., and that is a sufficient ratio Wh/Kg for a
car. Batteries LFP are cobalt
free (refer to lawsuit point cobalt extraction minig), low in cost, high in
safety, long life, etc; they are also
used for backup power, stationary and some vehicle. Expected to exceed market
of NMC by 2028. LFP time durability 10 years .Ref #28
Point A- Lithium-ions batteries are part of graphite and part Lithium-cobalt oxide, which pulls electrons better then manganese oxide, which gives the capability to store more energy in the same space then alkaline batteries; the solution separating graphite and Lithium cobalt oxide contains positively charge Lithium ions that easily form and break chemicals bonds as the battery is discharged and recharged. Ref 10
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